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The Emerging Law of Artificial Intelligence in Azerbaijan: Between National Strategy and European Regulatory Frameworks

By Natig Khalilov

Law and World · Vol. 12, No. 39, pp. 7-20 · 2026

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Abstract

Azerbaijan is moving from a general digital-development policy toward a distinct but still fragmented legal and institutional framework for artificial intelligence (AI). This article examines that transition through doctrinal legal research and functional comparative analysis. It evaluates constitutional and personal-data safeguards, the Artificial Intelligence Strategy for 2025–2028, national AI standards, digital-government infrastructure, regulatory experimentation, public-sector AI applications and the binding synthetic-media rules adopted in 2026. The article characterises the emerging model as strategy-led modularism: strategic direction, technical standards, institutional coordination and issue-specific legislation develop incrementally rather than through a single comprehensive AI statute. Comparison with the Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law and the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act identifies the principal gap as the absence of enforceable lifecycle duties for high-impact systems, particularly where AI affects individual rights or structures the exercise of public authority. The article proposes a proportionate Azerbaijani Responsible AI Framework based on functional risk classification, impact assessment, documentation, meaningful human oversight, public-sector procurement controls, incident reporting, effective remedies and institutionally credible supervision. It argues for regulatory interoperability with European and international models without mechanical institutional transplantation.

Details

Publication type
Journal article
Author
Journal
Law and World
Publication
September 30, 2026
Volume
12
Issue
39
Pages
7-20
Language
English
DOI
10.36475/12.3.1
ISSN
2346-7916
Access
Open access
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Added to catalogue
Metadata source
Supplied by the publisher

Areas of law

Digital and Technology Law

Keywords

Artificial intelligence law strategy-led modularism AI governance public-sector AI EU AI Act

Cite this record

Khalilov, N. (2026). The Emerging Law of Artificial Intelligence in Azerbaijan: Between National Strategy and European Regulatory Frameworks. Law and World, 12(39), 7-20. https://doi.org/10.36475/12.3.1
Khalilov, Natig. "The Emerging Law of Artificial Intelligence in Azerbaijan: Between National Strategy and European Regulatory Frameworks." Law and World 12, no. 39 (2026): 7-20. https://doi.org/10.36475/12.3.1.
@article{khalilov2026_w5xw5q,
  title     = {The Emerging Law of Artificial Intelligence in Azerbaijan: Between National Strategy and European Regulatory Frameworks},
  author    = {Khalilov, Natig},
  year      = {2026},
  journal   = {Law and World},
  volume    = {12},
  number    = {39},
  pages     = {7--20},
  doi       = {10.36475/12.3.1},
  issn      = {2346-7916},
  language  = {en},
  url       = {https://lawandworld.ge/index.php/law/article/view/1036},
  note      = {Open access}
}
Download BibTeX 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khalilov, Natig
TI  - The Emerging Law of Artificial Intelligence in Azerbaijan: Between National Strategy and European Regulatory Frameworks
PY  - 2026
JO  - Law and World
VL  - 12
IS  - 39
SN  - 2346-7916
DO  - 10.36475/12.3.1
LA  - en
UR  - https://lawandworld.ge/index.php/law/article/view/1036
AB  - Azerbaijan is moving from a general digital-development policy toward a distinct but still fragmented legal and institutional framework for artificial intelligence (AI). This article examines that transition through doctrinal legal research and functional comparative analysis. It evaluates constitutional and personal-data safeguards, the Artificial Intelligence Strategy for 2025–2028, national AI standards, digital-government infrastructure, regulatory experimentation, public-sector AI applications and the binding synthetic-media rules adopted in 2026. The article characterises the emerging model as strategy-led modularism: strategic direction, technical standards, institutional coordination and issue-specific legislation develop incrementally rather than through a single comprehensive AI statute. Comparison with the Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law and the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act identifies the principal gap as the absence of enforceable lifecycle duties for high-impact systems, particularly where AI affects individual rights or structures the exercise of public authority. The article proposes a proportionate Azerbaijani Responsible AI Framework based on functional risk classification, impact assessment, documentation, meaningful human oversight, public-sector procurement controls, incident reporting, effective remedies and institutionally credible supervision. It argues for regulatory interoperability with European and international models without mechanical institutional transplantation.
KW  - Artificial intelligence law
KW  - strategy-led modularism
KW  - AI governance
KW  - public-sector AI
KW  - EU AI Act
KW  - ხელოვნური ინტელექტის სამართალი
KW  - სტრატეგიაზე დაფუძნებული მოდულარიზმი
KW  - ხელოვნური ინტელექტის მმართველობა
KW  - ხელოვნური ინტელექტი საჯარო სექტორში
KW  - ევროკავშირის ხელოვნური ინტელექტის აქტი
SP  - 7
EP  - 20
ER  -
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